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Isoji Sasagawa, MD, Department of Urology, Yamagata University, School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iidanishi., Yamagata-shi, Yamagata 990-23 (Japan) Dear Sir, Since Matas et al. [1] first described nine cancers among uremic patients, various neoplasms have been reported to occur in patients on hemodialysis [2, 3]. Recently, a possible relationship between cancer and hemodialysis has been emphasized [4]. However, the literature dealing with prostatic cancer in hemodialysis patients is scanty [5]. Herein we report a case of prostatic cancer on long-term hemodialysis. A 61-year-old Japanese male was admitted to our hospital with a 2-month history of lower abdominal and left leg pain. His previous history revealed gout at the age of 49 years, and hemodialysis had been started 68 months ago due to the end-stage renal failure derived from gouty kidney. Physical examination disclosed lymphadenopathies of the left inguinal areas. The penis, epididymides, spermatic cords and testes were normal, but the prostate was enlarged with hard consistency. A hemogram revealed leukocytes of 6,800/mm3 (normal 4,000–9,000), hemoglobin 9.3 g/dl (normal 14.0–18.0), erythrocytes 351×104/mm3 (normal 430–570 × 104), hematocrit 32% (normal 40–54) and platelet count 267,000/mm3 (normal 130,000–340,000). Serum sodium was 130 mEq/1 (normal 135–146), potassium 4.4 mEq/1 (normal 3.2–4.5), chloride 95 mEq/1 (normal 96–110), calcium 7.8 mg/dl (normal 8.8–10.2) and phosphorus 4.3 mg/dl (normal 2.9– 4.7). Blood urea nitrogen was 56 mg/dl (normal 9–25), serum creatinine 9.3 mg/dl (normal 0.5– 1.5), uric acid 4.7 mg/dl (normal 2.0–7.6) and alkaline phosphatase 201 IU/1 (normal 30–115). Serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), γ-semi-noprotein (γ-SM) and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) were elevated at 1,300 ng/ml (normal less than 3.0), 45 ng/ml (normal less than 4.0) and 598 ng/ml (normal less than 3.6), respectively.